Hardware managenment commands

• Lspci | less = list of peripheral component.
• Lsusb |less = list of showing usb connection used in a system.
• Lsmod | less = it’s showing list of module or driver installed in a system.
• Modprobe cdrom = this command use to install device in a system.
• Vim /proc/modules= it’s showing classification of all module or device in a system.
• Vim /proc/partition = it’s showing major, minor,block & name partition in a system.
• Vim /proc/cpuinfo = it’s showing all uses cpu related information in a system.
• Vim /proc/meminfo= it’s showing memory uses information in a system.
• Dmesg |less = kernal initilazation process, it’s showing logs at the time of system boot.
• Modprobe –r cdrom = remove a device or module from a system or uninstalled.
• Hal-device |less = hal –hardware abstraction layer & it’s showing all stored devices in a system.

Process management commands

• Top = To check all processes which are runing in a system ….like task manager in a windows machine.
• PR = priority , NI =nice value = (we can set priority by NI).
• Res = residentail memory or physical memory.
• SHR= shared memory
• S = status showing , t= stop , s= sleeping, R= running , Z=zomby process ( ctrl+Z use to restart a process).
• Pid release = restart a system.
• Pstree =it’s showing a process in a tree daigram ,we can see parent & child process by this command.
• Uptime = it’s showing only load average of a cpu & memory.
• Renice –n -5 12691 (pid)= set high priorty directly to any pid using this commad.
• renice –n -10 12691 (pid)= set low priorty by this command.
• Nice –n -5 yes (yes = is the process name )= set & run a process with a priorty .
• Ps –aux | less = to check a status of a process to all the users terminal.
• Who & w = this command show no. of login users in a system.
• Pinky = this command showing column wise login users in a system.
• Last = this command showing detail about users.
• Whoami = showing currently login users in a system.
• Free =showing information about memory uses in a system.
• Kill (pid)= by this cmd kill a running process.
• Kill -9 (pid)=by this cmd directly kill a running process .